Custom Dictionary
Language:Pnar,   1901 entries
bʰagoodbʰagoodʔoagreement marker masc. singular post-verbʔoagreement marker masc. singular post-verbɟurextremelyɟurextremelytʰluholetʰluholeʔiɲhot, being burntʔiɲhot, being burnttʰŋanhungrytʰŋanhungryʔɔI (1st singular post verb pronoun)dwardoor, verandahdwardoor, verandahwasociative case markerwasociative case markerhalocative case makerhalocative case makerdunalessdunalesspimove!pimove!cʰitʰilettercʰitʰiletterdoʔpoordoʔpoorʔu brumanʔu brumanhamdon'thamdon'tɟarice, cooked riceɟarice, cooked ricekaɟarnailkaɟarnailprtucnameprtucnameʔahɔʔnegative expressionʔahɔʔnegative expressionlacto escapelacto escapekulɔmpenkulɔmpendaŋstill; progressive markerdaŋstill; progressive markerpɔjto reachpɔjto reachpurɛto readpurɛto readkashe (fem. singular pronoun)kashe (fem. singular pronoun)tɔʔshould, ought (modal verb)tɔʔshould, ought (modal verb)pajusiblingpajusiblingkɟutsick, in painkɟutsick, in paindiaʔbrotherdiaʔbrotherʔɨnɲawsevenklamto speakklamto speaktoʔto stealtoʔto stealparɔmstoryparɔmstoryʔɨnrusixʔashe (fem. singular pronoun)ʔashe (fem. singular pronoun)tamto exceedtamto exceedmectablemectablelatkʰurdovelatkʰurdovecʰi tajtherecʰi tajthereɟraʔthirstyɟraʔthirstyʔi nithese (plural proximal demonstrative)cʰʔɔʔuvulacʰʔɔʔuvulahiniherehiniherecʰa, cʰidative case markercʰa, cʰidative case markercʰɛtto boilcʰɛtto boilʔaʔto cutʔaʔto cutdaɲto cutdaɲto cutlɛʔto do, worklɛʔto do, workɟoʔto useɟoʔto usemajato lovemajato lovekɛfloatinghilocative casehilocative caseʔɨn netodayʔɨn netodaymɨnstɛptomorrowmɨnstɛptomorrowjej wɔnwho (plural accusative)ji jewho (plural accusative)jamto weep, cryjamto weep, crymɔtag question markermɔtag question markerjaŋto waitjaŋto waitkʰɛto wake up selfkapto walkkapto walkkwaʔwant, wish (modal verb)kwaʔwant, wish (modal verb)sacto washsacto washpacto lookpacto lookki jewhat, who (plural)ʔi jewhat, who (plural)mɨnnuwhenmɨnnuwhenjoto seejoto seeju jewho (masc. singular accusative)ki brupeopleʔi brupeopleka bruwomenkamworkkamworktʰɔʔto writetʰɔʔto writepʰoyou (2nd singular fem. post verb pronoun)pʰoyou (2nd singular fem. post verb pronoun)meyou (masc. singular pronoun; post verb pronoun)meyou (masc. singular pronoun; post verb pronoun)banto lay on topbanto lay on topbɔrpowerbɔrpowerbʰarclassifier for sixty four orangesbʰarclassifier for sixty four orangesbʰaʔto dividebʰaʔto dividebʰiawgreedybʰiawgreedyblaŋgoatblaŋgoatjɔŋblackjɔŋblackɟawsourɟawsourcʰabikeycʰabikeyjawmarketjawmarketɟʰeʔwetɟʰeʔwetʔɨntʰrɛto struggle to escapeɟiahappenɟiahappenjuŋhousejuŋhouseɟloto howlɟloto howltaʔsnailtaʔsnaildɔʔto kissdɔʔto kissdɔʔmeatdɔʔmeatɟnaʔstickyɟnaʔstickydʰɔʔowldʰɔʔowlrɨndialady's traditional dressrɨndialady's traditional dressdɛto sellduŋto grindduŋto grindʔɔyeshiself (suffix to pronouns)hiself (suffix to pronouns)kʰito shavekʰito shavehɔʔtake!hɔʔtake!ʔa bɔjyounger sisterɟʰatshipɟʰatshipɟŋɛmbruisedɟŋɛmbruisedkɟamcoolkɟamcoolkdɔʔto tiekdɔʔto tieɟrɔŋtallɟrɔŋtallpɨrkʰiɲto tightenpɨrkʰiɲto tightenɟribanyan treeɟribanyan treekʰiʔto workkʰiʔto workrmɛcreeperrmɛcreeperʔɨrŋamgreenʔɨrŋamgreentbianshorttbianshortʔɨnteto winnowkbiatto lickkbiatto lickkbaunhusked ricekbaunhusked ricelŋkdaŋto lay down on the backlŋkdaŋto lay down on the backkuto climbkuto climbtʰmuto think, aimtʰmuto think, aimnamfamenamfamepamto cutpamto cutpɔrtimepɔrtimekʰacousin paternalkʰacousin paternalkʰouncooked ricekʰouncooked ricekʰakto hawkkʰakto hawkkɨnrɔʔwallpsiaŋblack colorpsiaŋblack colorkʰaŋto closekʰaŋto closerotsiderotsidecʰramwallcʰramwallkʰɔnchildkʰɔnchildreʔto hidereʔto hidertaagertaagesaŋtaboosaŋtaboosbɔʔmanuresbɔʔmanurebamto eatbamto eatsdaŋto beginsdaŋto beginkʰanato tellkʰanato tellsakʰiacucumbersakʰiacucumbersmɛto swearsmɛto swearkʰiaheavykʰiaheavytʰɨrnianeedletʰɨrnianeedlestiŋlight (weight)stiŋlight (weight)bnajmoonbnajmoonkʰlatigerkʰlatigerkʰlamplaguekʰlamplagueʔu kʰlorstarʔu kʰlorstarthawplacethawplacekʰleʔheadkʰleʔheadkʰlɛʔto mix upkʰlɛʔto mix uptlaŋwintertlaŋwintertnecorrecttnecorrectkʰmutnosekʰmutnosekʰneratkʰneratɲaŋ lɔŋcaterpillarɲaŋ lɔŋcaterpillarʔɛm kamneed (modal verb)ʔɛm kamneed (modal verb)ʔutcamelʔutcamelʔi kɟutsicknessʔi kɟutsicknessmo cʰutstone used to sharp machetemo cʰutstone used to sharp machetetrcʰutto brushtrcʰutto brushpʰutto plugpʰutto plugʔu ɟʰuruncooked vegetableʔu ɟʰuruncooked vegetableɟʰurvegetableɟʰurvegetabledʰupblanketdʰupblankettuŋbad smelltuŋbad smellktuŋdried fishktuŋdried fishprluŋeyeballprluŋeyeballtʰlundumbtʰlundumbju tungrinded ingredient used in cookingju tungrinded ingredient used in cookingpunpregnantpunpregnanttunto dip, put insidetunto dip, put insideskumnestskumnestkʰɲumto grumblekʰɲumto grumblerukumtraditionalrukumtraditionalʔi pɨrtucnameʔi pɨrtucnameparucuncle paternalparucuncle paternalʔi tʰmuaimʔi tʰmuaimtkʰuanttkʰuanttpubreadtpubreadmbubreastmbubreastʔu tuhe (masc. singular medial demonstrative)ʔu tuhe (masc. singular medial demonstrative)kʰuintestinekʰuintestinemat jasukneemat jasukneecʰeʔ rŋkulizardcʰeʔ rŋkulizardʔarunegation markerʔarunegation markerkcʰupotkcʰupotʔi tuthese (plural medial demonstrative)ka tuthis (fem. singular medial demonstrative)ʔa tuthis (fem. singular medial demonstrative)ʔi tuthis (singular unmarked gender medial demonstrative)ʔi tuthis (singular unmarked gender medial demonstrative)pacʰuto mix hot and cool waterpacʰuto mix hot and cool waterda nuwhich (fem. singular dative)ka nuwhich (fem. singular interrogative)ʔa nuwhich (fem. singular interrogative)di nuwhich (plural dative)ki nuwhich (plural interrogative)ki nuwhich (plural interrogative)ʔi nuwhich (plural interrogative)takʰoʔaccidenttakʰoʔaccidentptʰoʔbrownptʰoʔbrownboʔto keepboʔto keepcʰdoʔto walk hand in handcʰdoʔto walk hand in handʔotto murmurʔotto murmurkɔrlormachine used to ploughkɔrlormachine used to ploughlorto ploughlorto ploughcʰɨnromnot grind finelycʰɨnromnot grind finelykʰomto tiekʰomto tiekoagreement markerkoagreement markerʔi joopinionʔi joopinionkoshe (3rd fem. singular Post-Pron)siar khlowild fowlsiar khlowild fowlkʰɨnroyouthkʰɨnroyouthriʔmalariariʔmalariajitmirrorjitmirrorkitto carrykitto carrysitto peel with knifesitto peel with knifesɔʔ manirlitchisɔʔ manirlitchicʰpiɲhandle of toolcʰpiɲhandle of toolʔum ʔiɲhot waterʔum ʔiɲhot waterkʰɲiɲto be disgustedkʰɲiɲto be disgustedpɨrcʰinpimplepɨrcʰinpimplekwaj ʔimtender areca nutkwaj ʔimtender areca nuttimto cursetimto cursetɨmpiaʔcause to breaktɨmpiaʔcause to breakʔɨnriaʔto movecʰliaʔmatcʰliaʔmatpɨrcʰiaʔnoisypɨrcʰiaʔnoisycʰɨrkiaʔsparrowkʰliaʔto breakkʰliaʔto breakpakʰiaʔto bump (something)pakʰiaʔto bump (something)biaʔto pastebiaʔto pastekriaʔtype of basketkriaʔtype of basketʔu diaʔyounger brotherka diaʔyounger sisterʔi sɲiawfeelingʔi sɲiawfeelingtɨnliatcause to grindtɨnliatcause to grindkʔiatalcoholkʔiatalcoholpʔiatonionpʔiatonionŋiatto pushŋiatto pushcʰŋiatto tie a scarfcʰŋiatto tie a scarfsla cʰiattree speciessla cʰiattree speciescʰɨŋkiarside of housecʰɨŋkiarside of househiarto step downhiarto step downkdiapto flirtju siaŋbed sheetju siaŋbed sheetrpiaŋbeerpiaŋbeecʰwawiaŋflutecʰwawiaŋflutepɨlliaŋheavy rainfallpɨlliaŋheavy rainfallju diaŋnapkinju diaŋnapkintʰliaŋneat-lookingtʰliaŋneat-lookingpliaŋplate, rice bowlpliaŋplate, rice bowlmo siaŋrockmo siaŋrocksiaŋto spreadsiaŋto spreadcʰaliaŋtowardscʰaliaŋtowardsʔu paj ʔu kʰianyounger brotherʔa paju kʰianyounger sisterriamdressriamdresskʰɨn-tiacongestedkʰɨn-tiacongestedniaargumentniaargumentʔi pa ɲiafather-in-law, mother-in-law (honorific)ʔi pa ɲiafather-in-law, mother-in-law (honorific)cʰutiafunnycʰutiafunnywɨr-tiagreedywɨr-tiagreedyɟʰiahot (taste of chili)ɟʰiahot (taste of chili)siaresolutelysiaresolutelyrakdɔŋ suŋiashort-tail cricketrakdɔŋ suŋiashort-tail cricketkʰu tiasmall changekʰu tiasmall changecʰarapakiasparrowbɔʔ niato arguebɔʔ niato arguetʰliato bothertʰliato bothertiato come closertiato come closerwa-khutto callwa-khutto calltʰribamboo striptʰribamboo strippatʰibetel leafpatʰibetel leafrapatidoverapatidovetla-nifrying pantla-nifrying panmuɟa ktiglovemuɟa ktigloveligo (modal verb)ligo (modal verb)ʔihe, she (3rd singular honorific post-verb pronoun)ʔihe, she (honorific marker)ʔihe, she (honorific marker)ka hiherself (3rd singular reflexive)ka hiherself (3rd singular reflexive)ʔu hihimself (3rd masc. singular reflexive)ʔu hihimself (3rd masc. singular reflexive)ʔariknifenɔŋ kʰajimerchantnɔŋ kʰajimerchantŋa himyself (1st singular reflexive)ŋa himyself (1st singular reflexive)ʔi hiourselves (1st plural reflexive)ʔi hiourselves (1st plural reflexive)ʔi ɟutithe shoeʔi ɟutithe shoeki hithemselves (3rd plural reflexive)ki hithemselves (3rd plural reflexive)ki nithese (plural proximal demonstrative)ʔu nithis (masc. singular proximal demonstrative)ʔu nithis (masc. singular proximal demonstrative)mntʰito day-dreammntʰito day-dreamklito foldklito foldkʰajitradekʰajitradedʰariverandadʰariverandacʰla niwinnowing basketcʰla niwinnowing basketme hiyourself (2nd masc. singular reflexive)me hiyourself (2nd masc. singular reflexive)pʰa hiyourself (2nd singular fem. )pʰa hiyourself (2nd singular fem. )pʰi hiyourself, yourselves (honorific reflexive)pʰi hiyourself, yourselves (honorific reflexive)ɲaŋ ksɛʔcaterpillarɲaŋ ksɛʔcaterpillarwahɛʔelderwahɛʔelderʔɛʔhardʔɛʔhardkʰrɛʔreadykʰrɛʔreadyrwiaŋring made of bamboo used as a stand for potrwiaŋring made of bamboo used as a stand for potkʰeʔbowlkʰeʔbowlʔeʔto leave (something) behindʔeʔto leave (something) behindkneʔto snatchkneʔto snatchʔum cʰɛtboiled waterʔum cʰɛtboiled waterkʰmɛtto look upkʰmɛtto look uplntɛrbreadthlntɛrbreadthpʰɛrdifferentpʰɛrdifferentwɛrto remove weedswɛrto remove weedstʰanɛrwingtʰanɛrwingtrɛphuttrɛphutkithey (3rd plural)kithey (3rd plural)kithey (3rd plural)dɛpto telldɛpto tellmlɛnbe used tomlɛnbe used tokmɛnhappykmɛnhappyramɨn kɛnjew's harpramɨn kɛnjew's harppʰla lɛnlady's shawlpʰla lɛnlady's shawlʔi ktɛnthe mouthʔi ktɛnthe mouthlɛnto denylɛnto denyʔɛnto stop cryingʔɛnto stop cryingcʰkɛntype of bamboocʰkɛntype of bamboobneɲheavenbneɲheavenpteɲto continuepteɲto continueseɲto startseɲto startʔeɲto trapʔeɲto trapneɲup, higherneɲup, higherdŋɛmbeardŋɛmbearcʰɛmfindcʰɛmfindtɨrnɛmhammertɨrnɛmhammerksɛmto fartksɛmto fartʔɛmto haveʔɛmto havetɛmto play instrumenttɛmto play instrumentsɛmto wear a sarongsɛmto wear a sarongkʰlɛmwithoutkʰlɛmwithoutʔi bejfather or mother-in-lawʔi bejfather or mother-in-lawdaj, dɛto selldaj, dɛto sellrupɛchesttʰwɛdeep part of rivertʰwɛdeep part of riverʔɛexpression of disagreementʔɛexpression of disagreementtpɛfire placetpɛfire placesapʰɛfruit varietyʔor lɛland slideʔor lɛland slidekɟatleg, footkɟatleg, foottʰarɛmessy hairtʰarɛmessy haircʰlɛoverflowcʰlɛoverflowrkʰɛto laughrkʰɛto laughkʰlɛto omitkʰlɛto omitkbɛto shoutkbɛto shoutprɛto vomitprɛto vomitjeinterrogativejeinterrogativeswelazyswelazypesugarcanepesugarcanekʰlɔtdeafkʰlɔtdeafʔi tethese (plural medial demonstrative)ki tethese (plural)ka tethis (fem. singular medial demonstrative)ʔa tethis (fem. singular proximal demonstrative)ʔu tethis (masc. singular medial demonstrative)ʔu tethis (masc. singular medial demonstrative)kʰweto fishkʰweto fishpakʰleto snap into two piecespakʰleto snap into two pieceswaɟewatchwaɟewatchka jewhat, who (fem. singular)ʔa jewhat, who (fem. singular)ʔu jewhat, who (masc. singular)ʔu jewhat, who (masc. singular)klɔŋbottleklɔŋbottleja jewho (fem. singular accusative)ju kdɔʔbamboo strip or ropeju kdɔʔbamboo strip or ropetɔʔbean, beanstɔʔbean, beanslɨŋŋɔʔdarklɨŋŋɔʔdarktuŋ tɔʔfermented soyatuŋ tɔʔfermented soyasapʰɔʔfruit varietysapʰɔʔfruit varietysla rɔʔfruit varietysla rɔʔfruit varietyramɨn dɔʔgreenish edible leaframɨn dɔʔgreenish edible leafkrɔʔjointkrɔʔjointtkɔʔlametkɔʔlamesɔʔlivesɔʔlivewakdɔʔone who tieswakdɔʔone who tiescʰaratɔʔpraying mantiscʰaratɔʔpraying mantisɟa dɔʔrice made with meat stockɟa dɔʔrice made with meat stocktɨmpdɔʔto foldtɨmpdɔʔto foldrɔʔto praiserɔʔto praisecʰrɔthouse-polecʰrɔthouse-polepsaɲ khlɔtsnake (deaf variety)psaɲ khlɔtsnake (deaf variety)rnɔtto place one on top of anotherrnɔtto place one on top of anothercʰrɔtto scratchcʰrɔtto scratchpakʰɔtto throwpakʰɔtto throwkɔrmachinekɔrmachineknɔrsmall wooden stoolknɔrsmall wooden stoolla wakɔrwooden ball play during Behdeinkhlam festivalla wakɔrwooden ball play during Behdeinkhlam festivalksɔŋanusksɔŋanuspalɔŋbed, bedsteadpalɔŋbed, bedsteadpɨnmɔŋcause to hurtpɨnmɔŋcause to hurtlŋtʰɔŋclod of earthlŋtʰɔŋclod of earthmo jɔŋcoalmo jɔŋcoaltʰlu mo jɔŋcoal minetʰlu mo jɔŋcoal minecʰaradɔŋcricketcʰaradɔŋcricketnɔŋ kɔŋfirstnɔŋ kɔŋfirsttʰlɔŋmortartʰlɔŋmortarʔu tʰlɔŋmortartʰaleʔ ɲaŋlɔŋmothtʰaleʔ ɲaŋlɔŋmothju sɔŋpacketju sɔŋpacketslu dɔŋplant varietyslu dɔŋplant varietyjɔŋpossessive case, genitive markerjɔŋpossessive case, genitive markerkʰrɔŋto begkʰrɔŋto begkʰɨnrɔŋto liftkʰɨnrɔŋto liftdɔŋto returndɔŋto returnwahɛʔ cʰnɔŋvillage headmanwahɛʔ cʰnɔŋvillage headmantɨmpɔŋwaisttɨmpɔŋwaistka jɔŋwhose (fem. singular)ʔa jɔŋwhose (fem. singular)ʔu jɔŋwhose (masc. singular)ʔu jɔŋwhose (masc. singular)ki jɔŋwhose (plural)ʔi jɔŋwhose (plural)ka kʰɔndaughterʔa kʰɔndaughterwɔninterrogativeʔu kʰɔnsonʔu kʰɔnsoncʰɔnto press with fingercʰɔnto press with fingerkʰɲɔnto press with oilkʰɲɔnto press with oilda ka wɔnwhich (fem. singular dative)ka-wɔnwhich (fem. singular interrogative)da u wɔnwhich (masc. singular dative)du nuwhich (masc. singular dative)ʔu wɔnwhich (masc. singular interrogative)ʔu nuwhich (masc. singular interrogative)da ki wɔnwhich (plural dative)ki wɔnwhich (plural interrogative)ja ka wɔnwho (fem. singular accusative)ju wɔnwho (masc. singular accusative)muna kʰɔnwombmuna kʰɔnwombtʰnɔmto murmurtʰnɔmto murmurdɔkstingydɔkstingysapdɔktomatosapdɔktomatorɔjdirtyrɔjdirtysɔjlastingsɔjlastingʔu bɔjyounger brothersɨntʰlɔclooking weak and lazysɨntʰlɔclooking weak and lazytɔokay!tɔokay!traʔgreedytraʔgreedyju raʔhandleju raʔhandletɨnraʔhittɨnraʔhitju baʔsmall cloth used to carry babyju baʔsmall cloth used to carry babytʰaʔsnowtʰaʔsnowtnraʔto dashtnraʔto dashklaʔto take outklaʔto take outspaʔwealthspaʔwealthpraʔwinnowing basketpraʔwinnowing basketprawdried bamboo, etc.prawdried bamboo, etc.ʔɨnrawthingrcʰawto arrange betel leaf or any kind of leafrcʰawto arrange betel leaf or any kind of leafpsawto burry under ashespsawto burry under ashessatceilingsatceilingsʔatcostlysʔatcostlycʰɨŋktatprawncʰɨŋktatprawnɟwatresistant, toughɟwatresistant, toughmuɟa kɟatsockmuɟa kɟatsockpnatsplitpnatsplitprtʰatstick-insectprtʰatstick-insectʔatswollenʔatswollenka nithis (fem. singular proximal demonstrative)tʰatto hang (something)tʰatto hang (something)ʔantatto predictʔantatto predicttrsim kɟattoetrsim kɟattoeɟattornɟattornstarhead-strapstarhead-strapɲarrareɲarraresɨncʰarto reignsɨncʰarto reignpɨnhapcause to fallpɨnhapcause to fallpɨnjapcause to killpɨnjapcause to killkʰlapgastrickʰlapgastricbrumanbrumanɲiaŋ tɨŋkʰaptickɲiaŋ tɨŋkʰaptickpɨnlaŋcause to arrangepɨnlaŋcause to arrangecʰaŋbasketcʰaŋbasketsaktʰaŋbitter fruit varietysaktʰaŋbitter fruit varietytrkʰaŋferntrkʰaŋfernkdaŋfullkdaŋfullchaphrangonwardchaphrangonwardkaŋto bouncekaŋto bounceprcʰaŋto give a tryprcʰaŋto give a trytndaŋto grindtndaŋto grindpɨrcʰaŋtrypɨrcʰaŋtrysapʰlaŋtuber variety (flemingia vestita)sapʰlaŋtuber variety (flemingia vestita)waŋyamwaŋyamtmaɲbeardtmaɲbeardŋaɲdarklyŋaɲdarklyslɔŋ saɲfruit varietyslɔŋ saɲfruit varietyʔaɲlawʔaɲlawnanlakenanlakekʰlanstrongkʰlanstrongtkʰantired, strainedtkʰantired, strainedpanto askpanto asktanto pulltanto pullŋantree speciesŋantree speciescʰɨŋkrambroom (kind of)cʰɨŋkrambroom (kind of)pɨnjamcause to crypɨnjamcause to cryju ɲamcloth used for wiping or towelju ɲamcloth used for wiping or towelsmamfullsmamfulllamgive!lamgive!sa cʰramjackfruitsa cʰramjackfruitsamto distributesamto distributeɲamto wipeɲamto wipepɨnɛm kamusingpɨnɛm kamusingʔum bamwater used for cookingʔum bamwater used for cookingplakallplakallprakcrushing by stampingprakcrushing by stampingtakjust one taptakjust one tapʔu tajthat (masc. singular distal demonstrative)ʔu tajthat (masc. singular distal demonstrative)ʔɨntʰɛfemalewadajsellerwadɛsellerka tajthat (fem. singular distal demonstrative)ʔa tajthat (fem. singular distal demonstrative)ki-tajthose (plural distal demonstrative)ki-tajthose (plural distal demonstrative)ʔi tajthose (plural distal demonstrative)sajto pull outsajto pull outʔu kʰɨnnahboyʔu kʰɨnnahboyka kʰnɨnahgirlka kʰnɨnahgirlpɨnlaccause to freepɨnlaccause to freewacmachetewacmacheteʔa kacscissorsdacto bitedacto bitetʰlablunttʰlabluntsadaclean/whitesadaclean/whitedʰaracloth woren by womendʰaracloth woren by womentʰanadirectiontʰanadirectionnaladrainnaladraintrnaearly-risertrnaearly-riserʔu pafatherʔu pafathertʰŋaforeheadtʰŋaforeheadmntʰnagaurmntʰnagaurʔaI (post verb pronoun)takʰainjuredtakʰainjuredɲam-ta-raorangeɲam-ta-raorangetrmato dreamtrmato dreamkʰato give birthkʰato give birthʔɨntato lamentcʰbato lightcʰbato lightlanato lull (a baby)ktʰato prechewktʰato prechewkɲato sacrificekɲato sacrificetrato touchtrato touchʔu muratype of stool made of bambooʔu muratype of stool made of bamboopakʰauncle paternalpakʰauncle paternalkɔtsadawhite paperkɔtsadawhite paperka wawho (fem. singular relative pronoun)ʔa wawho (fem. singular relative pronoun)ʔu wawho (masc. singular relative pronoun)ʔu wawho (masc. singular relative pronoun)ki wawho (pural relative pronoun)ʔi wawho (pural relative pronoun)ʔi wawho (unmarked gender singular relative pronoun)ʔi wawho (unmarked gender singular relative pronoun)ja awa, jawawhom (fem. accusative)ja awa, jawawhom (fem. accusative)ja uwa, jowwawhom (masc. accusative)ja uwa, jowwawhom (masc. accusative)knroʔto shakeʔɨnroʔto shakekɨntʰajwomanknuptraditional umbrellaknuptraditional umbrellakpɔʔstomachkpɔʔstomachkpɛrgardenkpɛrgardenkrɛʔto workkrɛʔto workksaŋgall bladderksaŋgall bladderksawdogksawdogksiliceksilicepsaɲsnakepsaɲsnakekteʔmudkteʔmudktʰaŋbitterktʰaŋbitterktihandktihandkurclankurclankwajareca nutkwajareca nutlethreelethreetʰlaʔblindtʰlaʔblindlomhilllomhillɲaŋ lɔŋcaterpillarɲaŋ lɔŋcaterpillarlɛ, lajto gotʰaleʔbutterflytʰaleʔbutterflyleʔwhiteleʔwhitelŋkɔrplowlŋkɔrplowlŋkʰapaddy fieldlŋkʰapaddy fieldlatʔapcrowlatʔapcrowlwewasplwewaspmauncle maternalmauncle maternalmostonemostonemanto growmanto growkʰmateyekʰmateyemɔnwillmɔnwillmiatbeautiful, good lookingmiatbeautiful, good lookingmiawcatmiawcatmiʔ sŋieastmiʔ sŋieastsmuritchilismuritchilimrsiaŋfoxmrsiaŋfoxnuinterrogativeɲaaunt paternalɲaaunt paternalŋaI (1st singular pronoun)ŋaI (1st singular pronoun)ŋapcheekŋapcheekcʰɔŋto sitcʰɔŋto sitŋamto diveŋamto divepʰŋiarto scare, feel scaredpʰŋiarto scare, feel scaredŋoʔto worshipŋoʔto worshipcʰaliaŋbentcʰaliaŋbentpafatherpafatherpdaŋbe crackedpdaŋbe crackedpʰariato cut into piecespʰariato cut into piecespʰɛtto runpʰɛtto runcʰipʰawtencʰipʰawtenpʰiyou (2nd singular honorific pronoun; post verb pronoun)pʰiyou (2nd singular honorific pronoun; post verb pronoun)pʰayou (2nd singular fem. reflexive)pʰayou (2nd singular fem. reflexive)tɨrcʰiaʔglittertɨrcʰiaʔglitterpʰiaʔto splitpʰiaʔto splitpʰlaŋgrasspʰlaŋgrasspʰniaŋ bammustard oilpʰniaŋ bammustard oilpʰniaŋoilpʰniaŋoilpʰriahailpʰriahailpiaʔbe brokenpiaʔbe brokenpʰlato confesspʰlato confesscʰkawspousecʰkawspouseprato collapsepratto scratchpratto scratchprhutwindyprhutwindycʰkurearcʰkurearprkʰatto thinkprkʰatto thinkpɨrsanephew, niecepɨrsanephew, nieceptʰopumpkinptʰopumpkinbaʔto carry at the backbaʔto carry at the backputto blowputto blowpʔutrottenpʔutrottencʰnato makecʰnato makerawdriedrawdriedraʔto carryraʔto carryrbɛnthickrbɛnthicksɲoʔhairsɲoʔhairradaŋneckradaŋneckcʰrɛto be angrycʰnɔŋvillagecʰnɔŋvillageriaʔto remove the unusable partriaʔto remove the unusable partsŋatdried upsŋatdried uprŋawcharcoalrŋawcharcoalʔɨrwajto singʔɨrwajto singwasoredwasoredsofoursofoursaɲto cooksaɲto cooksanfivesanfivetɨnsaʔhittɨnsaʔhitsɔŋto packsɔŋto packsapto wearsapto wearsɔʔfruitsɔʔfruitsimbirdsimbirdcʰrutarocʰrutaroskamhuskskamhuskslaleafslaleafslaprainslaprainsmato smell, smell badsmato smell, smell badsnambloodsnambloodsneʔskinsneʔskinsɨnkʰɛnpillowsɨnkʰɛnpillowsnrɛpestlesɨntuflowersɨntuflowersɲiawto hear, feelsɲiawto hear, feelsŋisunsŋisunsrimresemblesrimresemblestaŋthinstaŋthinʔistepmorningʔistepmorningsumto bathesumto bathesʔaŋto dry over firesʔaŋto dry over firesʔiarchickensʔiarchickentʰlɔŋ blɛhollowed rock in the rivertʰlɔŋ blɛhollowed rock in the rivertajdistal demonstrative stemtajdistal demonstrative stemtaŋif, onlytaŋif, onlytaʔto cuttaʔto cuttɔŋto fetchtɔŋto fetchtdɔŋtailtdɔŋtailteɲto be afraidteɲto be afraidtʰamcrabtʰamcrabcʰutto sharpencʰutto sharpentʰaŋto burntʰaŋto burntʰiaʔto sleeptʰiaʔto sleepʔu cʰʔiapsandʔu cʰʔiapsandtʰuŋto planttʰuŋto planttʰoʔto seektʰoʔto seektipknow (modal verb)tipknow (modal verb)titmushroomtitmushroomtʰmawartʰmawarʔu thɨllectongueʔu thɨllectonguetlliatto grind by rollingtlliatto grind by rollingtɨmmɛnold peopletɨmmɛnold peopletmpʰashouldertmpʰashouldertputrevengetputrevengetɨrsimfingernailtɨrsimfingernailʔa wacdaodapfulldapfullwanto comewanto comewaʔriverwaʔriverweʔwormweʔwormʔartwoʔartwoʔeto giveʔeto giveʔaŋto open the mouthʔaŋto open the mouthdatto beatdatto beatʔɔŋto sayʔɔŋto sayʔorto fall downʔorto fall downkʔɔʔto coughkʔɔʔto coughʔa-kɔrmannerʔa-kɔrmannerʔɛmto be, to haveʔɛmto be, to haveʔɨmnegative markerʔɨmnegative markerʔa nithis (fem. singular proximal demonstrative)ʔɨn ninyesterdayʔɨn ninyesterdayʔiwe (1st person plural pronoun)ʔiwe (1st person plural pronoun)ʔimto live, aliveʔimto live, aliveʔiʔcookedʔiʔcookedʔuhe (3rd person masc. singular pronoun; post verb pronoun)ʔuhe (3rd person masc. singular pronoun; post verb pronoun)domdarkdomdarkʔumwaterʔumwaterdɔŋlocalitydɔŋlocalitykɔtbook, paperkɔtbook, paperbejmotherbemotherdeɲtreedeɲtreeɟa kʰleʔbrainɟa kʰleʔbrainʔi ɟʰurcooked vegetableʔi ɟʰurcooked vegetableɟnaŋto feel painɟnaŋto feel paindɛmto lie down, laydɛmto lie down, layden, dɛnbehindden, dɛnbehindpʰraeightpʰraeighthej tetherehej tetherejecan, may (modal verb)jecan, may (modal verb)jaaccusative case markerjaaccusative case markertidiaŋlefttidiaŋleftwaadjective markerwaadjective markernɔŋagent markernɔŋagent markercʰla diaŋtraditional umbrellacʰla diaŋtraditional umbrellamunabagmunabagbɔlballbɔlballladawbananaladawbananadiŋfirediŋfiretnatbranchtnatbranchtʰetto buytʰetto buydaby, with; instrumental markerdaby, with; instrumental markerkɛmto catchkɛmto catchpɨncausative markerpɨncausative markerpʰaʔto sendpʰaʔto sendʔa tʰatclothdiʔto drinkdiʔto drinktŋitdirttŋitdirtsukhappysukhappypatto fall downpatto fall downhapto fall downhapto fall downki tuthese (plural medial demonstrative)kʰloforestkʰloforestlɔkfriendlɔkfriendnafrom; ablative case makernafrom; ablative case makerdawwill (modal verb)dawwill (modal verb)deʔsend (someone) off, ask to leavedeʔsend (someone) off, ask to leaveliwango backbʰagood, well; intensifierjɔɲhatejɔt̻ərojhatedʔohe (3rd masculine singular)cʰait̻healthyɟurheavyr̰aphelpcʰut̻hitdɨthitkurahitmanholdt̻ʰluholeʔɨɲhotkatwɔnhowŋut, nuthuman classifiertʰŋanhungryʔɔI (1st subject agreement marker or clitic)ladaifsiʔilɔŋill-naturedpɔʔinhej pɔrincʰapɔʔin, insideʔɛm salɔninnocentcʰpɔʔinsidedawinstrumental prepositionwainstrumental prepositionhainstrumental prepositionɟonJohn (name of person)rʔumjuicyhaon, locative prepositionkɨntʰiarjumpnoŋ tɨn japkillerɟaitkind, type; differentkatariknifet̻inknowkhat-doʔ-doʔleastdunaleastpiletscʰitʰiletterjosuklikesɲaw suklikekʰamlittlekʰaɟaklittlekɟaklittle, somenalocative prepositionŋalocative prepositiondoʔloseʔɛʔloudcʰajamakeʔu brumanhamnegatorsapɛɲmangobiamarrymimasc. singularʔumasc. singular accusative markertremasterɟamealsdutmilkpisa, poisamoneyjoŋamykaɟarnailprtuitnameɔhoʔnegation, denial markerwumnegativeʔinnegativewɔmnegativecʰɛnoɟiŋnominalizernɔŋnominalizerjenotkatninownɔʔnowsahɛpofficehaɟroŋon, locative prepositionhej dɔronlyduonly, justsenbʰalaŋorganizationɟiŋdenornamentswiotherslaitout, vacantbɨtapartkʰawajpartycʰaʔpassive markercʰapassive markerlapassive markerkʰoŋpenkulompencʰaʔperfective aspect markerdadepperfective aspect markerdaperfective aspect markerjaleʔ keplayhapoʔinside, locative prepositionlɛʔ keplaysɲaw bʰa, sɲobʰapleaset̻ɔʔprobilitative markerdaŋprogressive markertɛproximal demonstrative markerteproximal demonstrative markertajproximal demonstrative markercʰitɔmpunishmentslaitrapepɔjreachpurɛread, studywarelative particle, complementizerʔuɲ biaŋreturnmahaɟanrich mansurok, sur̰okroadkarmaroomlaŋdoŋroundsudoŋroundkoitrunningtoitrunningtiŋkarupeesskurschoollipiatseejawseewakrɛʔservantjeshallkɔshe (3rd fem. singular subject agreement marker or clitic)kashe (3rd singular fem. agreement marker or clitic)kashe (3rd singular fem.)sula poʔshirtsulashirtdukanshoptɔʔshouldpajusiblingkɟut̻, kuɟutsick, painpʰimepʰosingulardiaʔsisterslemslowlywɛr wɛrslowly slowlykʰiansmall, littletɛʔsokat̻t̻u katnisomekatu katnisomekatta-kalnejsomekammɔnsometimekʰɫlispeakklamspeakt̻oʔstealparomstorykrɛʔ kɔtstudyʔusubject agreement markerkarisubject agreement markermansubject agreement markerʔasubject agreement markerpʰɨɫlasubject agreement markercʰinisugartamsuperlative markerdoʔsuperlative markertiknasuretʰiaŋ, tʰijaŋsweetbamtʰijaŋsweetmeit̻tableloittakecʰateahikajteachnoŋ hikajteacher, coachki noŋ hikajteacherssakʰijattelltestestbanthantethencʰitajtheremutthinktʰaraj, tʰar̰ajthinkŋaitthink, agreeɟʰrawthirstyʔi nithiscʔɔʔthroatnaw, nɔʔthrowŋiatirehɛj niherecʰatocʰɛtto cookcʰet, setto cookʔiɲto cutʔaʔto cutdaɲto cutchaʔato cutleʔto dopsut̻to enterjoʔto getmajato loveketo roamhɛj, hejto, locativemɨntu, mint̻u, mentutodaykednitodayminsteptomorrowjejtopicalizer, accusative markersakʰiattruekaderturnʔar faw sentwenty fivejamto crynɛuncertainmɔuncertainpcemverandahjaŋwaitkʰajwakekapwalkkwaʔwantsaitwashpaitwatchsuɲbeɲeɲweathersŋemwetʔijiwhatʔijewhatkamwanwhatjuwhat, whoʔɨjewhat, whomɨnnuwhenhɛj tʰawwherecʰɛj wanwherehajwanwheredajoseewanwhichkadwanwhich, how muchkatwhilesiawwhistlelreʔwhiteŋuwhoʔu jewhohɛj wɔnwhomlɛʔwhyʔɨɫlewhykariŋwifewəwwillki bruwomenka bruwomensŋawwonderpʰɨɫlawonderkamworkkjuŋworkʔɨmhojwretchedt̻ʰɔʔwriteɟanemphatic markerpʰipʰɔyou (2nd fem. plural agreement marker or clitic)miyou (2nd singular masc. agreement marker or clitic)meyou (2nd singular masc. nominalizer)diayoungerbɔrjapdiejɔŋblackjarəphelpjawshopjino, negatorjuŋhousejotroʔnuisanceɟrɔŋ, ɟroŋlong, talldəkʰafishkʰoricekʰaŋclosekʰoitcleankʰɔnoffspringbameat; foodkʰanatellbnajmoonkʰɨneratkʰɨɫlotyoungkʰutto callkitheykaɟatlegklɔŋbottlebrubody, person, mankɨnratmasterkintʰajwomankpergardenkrɛʔworkbaroutksawdogkutend, be overlɛthreeparalɔk, paralokfriendlajgoleʔwhitelut̻iroadmanto bekʰmatface, fronthi-meyou (2nd masc. singular)metnightmiat, miat̻good, beautymjawcatmiʔgo outniproximal demonstrative markerprcʰaʔagainsttɨn-japkillŋaI (1st singular); agreement marker or clitic; nominalizerŋapfacecʰɔŋsit downpafatherpʰɛtruncʰipawtenpʰiyou (2nd plural masc./fem. agreement marker or clitic; nominalizer)pʰayou (2nd plural fem. nominalizer)cʰimtake, pickpirkʰatthinkpuŋlakerapquite; comparative degree markerrabring, carryrbɛnthickroŋcolorcʰrajangrycʰnɔŋvillagericountryrɔwajto singsoredsofourcʰinraŋman, boysaʔstaysɔfruitcʰispahundredpsiaʔto enter, comesiʔbadslaʔleafslaprainsnambloodsnemyearsintuflowersapoɲturbanstepmorningtʰaw sumbathroomtaafterhɛj tajtheretaŋbuttdɔŋtailtudistal/proximal demonstrative markertʰaɲknittʰaŋburntʰiaʔsleept̻ipknowtɨɫleʰropetɨmmenoldtɨrsimnailwanto comewaʔriverwaʔhangʔartwoʔegivedatbeatʔɔŋ, ʔoŋsay, tellʔemhaveʔɨmnegativeʔɨnninyesterdayʔiwe (1st masc./fem. plural); agreement marker or clitic; nominalizerʔimliveʔiʔripeʔuhe, she (3rd singular masc./fem. agreement marker or clitic; nominalizer)ʔumwater, liquidkullehorsekɔtbook, paperbejmotherdeɲ, deintreecʰa-denbehinddurfacesukislowlyjeabilitative (permissive) markerjaaccusative markercʰiljsaŋacrosswaadjectivalizerhadenafterman, mənafterbiaŋagain; backnoŋagentive markerdaagentive markerbaagentive marker, passive markerwarɔʔ, waroʔ, war̰oʔalllutallcʰaallcʰɔʔalreadymankʰpɔr̰alwaysɟoʔalways, everwej, wɛjand, conjuntionkatiar-kitaranythingʔapəlapplekəmassinrajautumnsd̻ajaxekʰɔn bobabynadenbackmunabagbɔlballseitbambooladawbananacʰaŋbarkʔembe, copulart̻oʔ, toʔbe; copularjusukbeautifulnej bʰaʔbecausecatbecausemincʰwabeforenej bitʰabenefactive markerhɛʔbigpʰɔʔbloomdalajbothtrebottomsindukboxtnatbranchrut̻ibreadpiabreakkʰaɲbreakbasbustan kawabuttaŋ wabutkatwabut, whentʰird, tʰerd, tʰeədbuydejbydaby, with; instrumental markertupricapkemcatchpɨncausative markertɨncausative markerpʰaʔcausative markerkʰanacertainlycʰukichairkɨlljaŋchangetʰɔkcheatkɔm bochildkʰannaʔ, kʰɨnnaʔchildlipaitcinemaklasclassnoŋ kreʔclerktʰatclothkotcoatsula ɟroŋcoatkɔpʰicoffeesɨnrumcolddait tʰaʔcolddadep, dadɛpcomplementizerdito drinkwawcomplementizerwaconjunctionteʔconjuntionʔu taŋcoordinatortɔʔcopularjicopularbamsapcorruptjuŋ bicʰarcourtkroscrossdɔjcurdtarɛkdatedat lawakɔrdatlawakor (name of game)mɛnituday-by-dayʔudependent verb markermandependent verb markert̻ŋitdirtykʰt̻edirtycʰidiscontinuous reduplication markertɛʔdistal demonstrative markertejdistal demonstrative markerpʰɛrdoubtwej didrankwatrkʰawdryhɛj porduring, whilesmatearly, soon, fastsukeasypaju kintʰajelder sisterhatielephantʔielsewhere cliticɟueverʔekɟamexamʔikɟamexamjolutiexpectpatfallhapfallki tufem. singularjoŋfem. singularkʰajrifevercʰɔʔfightflimfilmparjam kʰtifingerlatfinishdap, dɛp, depfinish, perfective aspect markerʔi bamfoodbeitfool; madhej bɨntaforkʰloforest, junglelokfriendnej t̻ufromnafrom, ablative markerlaki lakufuriouslydawfuture markert̻iɫli, tɨɫligeneral classifier (non-human)jɔŋ, joŋgenitive makerjɔʔgetkʰɨntʰajgirljaŋgivejɛtglassjeglassdeʔgoshkawspouselĕmeintooth